Sunday, 11 February 2018

Storage and operating environment for pentax W1502 N keep Safe


 Storage and operating environment  


To prevent making short-circuit when removing the battery and charger from the case and storing them, apply electrically resistant tape to the poles of the battery. Storing the battery and charger as is may result in fire or burn injury due to short-circuit.

Avoid storing the instrument in places subject to extreme high, low or radically fluctuating temperature. (Ambient temperature range during use: –20° C to +50° C)

Distance measurements may take longer when atmospheric conditions are poor such as when heat shimmer is present. When storing the instrument, always put it in its case and avoid storage in dusty location or location subject to vibration or extreme heat or humidity.

Whenever there is a sharp temperature difference between the instrument’s storage and usage locations allow the instrument to adjust to the ambient for an hour or more before use. Be sure to protect the instrument from the sun if the location is subject to intense direct sunlight.

During surveys for which the survey precision or atmospheric measurement method has been defined measure the atmospheric temperature and pressure separately and enter those values rather than using the Automatic Atmospheric Correction function.

The battery should be charged approximately once per month if the instrument is to be stored for an extended period of time. The instrument should also be removed from its case occasionally and aired out.

In addition to these precautions, be sure to handle the instrument properly at all times following the descriptions given in the various sections of this manual to assure safe and proper measurements.


 Transporting and carrying the instrument 


Be careful to protect this instrument from shock of impact and excessive vibration which may result in damage during transportation and shipment.

When transporting the instrument, always put it in the case and wrap shock-absorbing materials around it and be sure it is handled as “FRAGILE”.


 Checks and repairs 


Always check the instrument before beginning work and check that the instrument is maintaining the proper level of precision. Pentax bears absolutely no responsibility for damages due to survey results obtained from surveys conducted without an initial instrument check.
Never disassemble the instrument, battery or charger even if you do detect an abnormality as there is a risk of fire or electric shock due to short - circuit. If you think the product requires repair, contact the retail outlet where you purchased it or an authorized repair site.


Never disassemble the instrument, battery or charger even if you do detect an abnormality as there is a rink of fine or electric shock due to short-circuit, If you think the product requires repair, contact the retail outlet where you purchased it or an authorized repair site.

Thursday, 8 February 2018

WHY CONCRETE COLUMNS CRACK

 WHY CONCRETE COLUMNS IS  CRACKS 


Investigators of cracking problems in concrete structures have from time to time noticed horizontal and vertical cracks in concrete columns.

How does this happen when cracking indicates tension in the concrete whereas columns usually are in compression.?
Ruling out pure compressive overload, there are three possible explanations. 
First, the column may in fact be in tension due to an isolated settlement of the foundation. In this case, the column could be "hanging" from the floor system above, resulting in tensile cracking.

 Next, if the column is the end or exterior one in a structural bent or frame, it may have high enough bending to cause tensile forces in the outside face. This condition would produce horizontal cracks which would disappear on the inside face. The third and most likely explanation has to do with creep and shrinkage.
What really happens in a reinforced concrete column is that creep causes the concrete to unload its compressive stress and transfer it to the reinforcing steel. In other words, a redistribution of stress takes place which is directly proportional to the amount of reinforcing steel in the column the higher the percentage of steel, the more load the steel carries so that with about 8 percent reinforcement, the steel carries almost 100 percent of the load. With about 4 percent steel, the load distribution is approximately 90 percent on the bars and only 10 percent in the concrete. 
This explains why cracking can occur in the concrete "shell." Due to the unloading, there is little compressive stress left in the concrete to compensate for or overcome shrinkage stress or other factors such as temperature which can subject the columns to tension.


Usage precautions for pentax w1502n



 USAGE PRECAUTIONS 


Surveying instruments are high-precision instruments. In order to assure that the Electronic Total Station W-1500N series product which you have purchased will provide long-lasting maximum performance, the precautions in this manual must be followed. Be sure to follow these instructions and use this product properly at all times.

Solar observation


 WARNING 


Never view the sun directly using the telescope as this may result in loss of sight. Never point the objective lens directly at the sun as this may damage internal components. When using the instrument for solar observation, be sure to attach the special solar filter designed for this product to the objective lens.

[Laser beam]
Do not stare into laser beam. W-1500N series is a Class IIIa (3R) laser product.

 E D M axis 

The W-1500N series EDM is the red visible laser beam and the beam diameter is very small. The beam is emitted from the objective center and the base plate center hole. The EDM axis is designed to coincide with the telescope sight axis but both axes may not sometimes coincide slightly according to the intense temperature change and time lapse.

 Target constant 

Confirm the Target Constant of the instrument before measurement.
If a different constant is to be used, use the correct constant of the target. The constant is stored in the instrument's memory when turned off.

  
Reflector less and reflector sheet


Reflectorless:                                                        
The measurement range and accuracy of Reflectorless are based on the condition that laser beam is emitted perpendicular to the white side of the Kodak Gray Card.
The measurement range may be influenced by the shape of the target and its environment. There is a possibility that the range may vary when the target does not satisfy the conditions above at survey work.

Pay attention to following in case of distance measurement by Reflectorless.
In a situation resulting in low accuracy, perform the distance measurement by Reflector sheet or Prism.

There is a possibility that correct distance measurement may be impossible by dispersion or reduction of laser beam when the laser beam comes into the target from diagonal angle.

There is a possibility that the instrument cannot calculate correctly when receiving reflected
 laser beam from forth and back directions in case of measuring the target on the road.

There is a possibility that synthesized values are calculated and the distance may become longer or shorter than the actual one when the operator measure the target of slope or sphere or rugged shape.

There is a possibility that the instrument cannot calculate correctly by collecting the reflected laser beam from a man or a car that comes and goes in front of the target.

When using Reflector sheet, set the Reflector sheet to have its surface be approx. vertical to the aiming line. If it is positioned not to be approx. right angle, there is a possibility that correct distance measurement may be impossible by dispersion or reduction of laser beam.
In the following environments, the distance might not be able to be measured.
   There is a reflection things (mirror, stainless board and white wall etc.) in the direction of the target     and under too strong sun light.


 Battery & charger 

Never use any battery charger other than the BC05 battery charger as this may result in damage to the instrument.

If water should happen to splash on the instrument or the battery, wipe it off immediately and allow it to dry in a dry location. Do not put the instrument in the case until it is completely dry as this may result in damage to the instrument.

Turn off the power when removing the battery from the instrument as removing the battery while the power is still on may result in damage to the instrument.

The battery mark displayed on the instrument is only an estimate of remaining battery power and is not completely accurate. Replace the battery quickly when it is about to run down as the time a battery lasts on one charge differs depending on conditions of ambient temperature, and the measurement mode of the instrument.

Confirm the battery level remaining before operating.

When the remaining battery power becomes low, a message to alert battery run-out starts coming up. When the message appears, replace the battery to a fully charged one immediately. Running out of battery in middle of use may result in loss of data.  

L.D POINT, laser pointer     

When you make a correct direction using the “LD POINT”, aim the laser beam at the wall and mark the center and then confirm the discrepancy between the reticle center and the marked point beforehand.


Interface

Do not insert or remove USB Connector outdoors.
Be careful not to let dust, mud, sand, water, harmful gas or salty steam enter the card slot or USB connector port.
Be sure to turn the instrument’s power off before inserting or removing the USB Connector.

Touch panel

Use the Stylus pen when you touch the panel for operation of software.

Do not touch the panel with any things such as fingertips or pen point as this may scratch and damage the screen.

Sunday, 4 February 2018

Pentax W1502N Parts and Functions Explanation


Names of the parts in Pentax W-1502 N






Keyboard





W-1500N series is equipped with two color touch screens and alphanumeric keypad,
operation by both touching screen and pressing keyboard is possible.
Do not touch the screen with ball-pen, pencil or other sharp thing to avoid damage on instrument.
  



Keys


Name

Functions


0~9/ A~!


Alphanumeric keypad


Enter text and numerical values.

α

Shift key for character entry






Star key

Normal configurations can be set here

Tab


Tab key

Move the cursor right or next position

BS


BackSpace key

Move the cursor left and delete one character

Ctrl


Ctrl key

Same with the Ctrl key of PC

Space


Space key

Enter the space

Enter


Enter key

Confirm an entry or selection

ESC


Escape key

Quit a screen or edit mode without saving changes. Return next higher level


FUNC


Function key

Perform variable functions defined by program screen


◄▲▼►


Navigation key

Control the focus bar within the screen and the entry bar within a field








 🔴


Power key




Turn on/off the instrument

Function introduction
Display
After initiating the instrument the screen will go to present “Welcome Interface” which is shown right.
 Main Menu consists of  “FieldGenius”, “INST SetupInstrument Setup” and “AboutRelevant Information” icons.

↡↡↡














INST Setting




Function introduction
Display
Instrument setup function is mainly applied for instrument settings, instrument calibration and generation and management of instrument constant. It is made up of a series of functions such as “compensatory linear correction”, “compensatory zero correction”, “horizontal axis error correction”, “index correction”, “instrument settings”, “distance constant settings”, “communication port settings”, “configuration management”, etc.








     ↡↡↡






About


Function introduction

The “About” function Offers information of manufacturer and software version.


THANKS

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