ANCHORAGE
Construction of
P.C.; Construction;
Foundation and Masonry
In the pre
stressed concrete, a device to keep taut a cable and transmit the pre stressing
force to the concrete. There are two types of anchorages: active, in which the
anchorage heads are outside the concrete; passive, in which short cables emerge
only at one end, which is directly anchored in concrete; this anchorage is
particularly used in statically indeterminate beams. A the end of the cable is
a fixed anchoring; at the other end is a mobile anchoring which is used for
tensioning.
Syn with BRACING.
AXLE
Foundation
The location of the centers of gravity of the cross
section.
BALLAST
PILE
Foundation:
A kind of pile or well composed of a shaft of brought
materials with studied grading, placed in a drilling and compacted into the
ground with a radial vibrator placed at the point of a tube used as a support.
BALLASTED MATTRESS
Foundation
A device formed by
a very resistant fabric (polypropylene mostly) in which hooks are drowned.
These hooks are intended to fix concrete blocks poured directly on the mattress.
This device is intended to protect the base of the piles or abutments in watery
site. (An alternative of this device consists of a layer of very resistant
fabric comprising flanges filled with sand or gravel.)
BALLAST-GUARD LOW WALL
A retaining dwarf wall of masonry established at the end
of the railway bridges with a steel deck to separate the railway platform from
the deck and to head off the ballast from running toward bearings.
The capital, made up of a square tablet forming raised
table, a quarter of circle, and a fille.
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BALLING UP
Foundation
Clogging of the bore bit of a drill by accumulation of
cuttings. Syn. with BIT BALLING.
BARRAGE
Barrage
Civil
Engineering Structure
A construction forming a retaining wall, generally
established in a river to create a pond age and in which the thrust is normal
to the wall. Generally speaking, the purpose of a barrage is, either to
regularize the flow of the river which it intercepts, or to use the driving
force of the water. One calls permanent barrage, the one of which no part is
movable; sluice weir, the one established by means of juxtaposed sluices;
girders barrage, the one made of horizontal wooden pieces (beams), engaging
into vertical grooves; needles weir, a movable barrage able to be erased
entirely in time of flood and made of light vertical wooden pieces (needles)
which rest on a sill fitted out in a foundation raft. Among the main types of
barrage we can distinguish: buttress dam (le barrage à contre forts), formed by
a shell strengthened by a system of buttresses; it can be built of masonry or
concrete; earth-fill dam (le barrage en remblai), carried out with materials
often taken near its construction. Its shape and composition depend on the
quality of the materials taken; rock-fill dam (le barrage en enrichments),
generally made of a tight ground newel covered with ordinary materials
themselves covered by ripraps. This type of barrage takes on a trapezoidal
shape and presents a cross section of a quite considerable thickness;
homogeneous earth-fill dam built with tight materials (example: compacted
clay); heterogeneous earth-fill dam, carried out when one does not have
impermeable grounds in sufficient quantity and whose ground then constitutes an
impermeable, vertical, or tilted central newel, contained between the bearing
blocks (downstream) or protection (upstream) called fills and consisting of
very diverse materials (generally speaking, sandy and rocky grounds). Filters are
interposed between the newel and the fills to avoid the migration of the ground
in the latter. The downstream filter collects moreover the water which can
percolate through the newel. The materials are very carefully compacted to
reduce the spaces, to improve the mechanical qualities of the materials and to
avoid deformations of the work. This type of barrage is very sensitive to
erosion by the water.
BINDING
POWER
Civil Engineering
The ability for spontaneous
cementing of certain materials.
(This quality is especially
required to increase the stability of certain embankments.)
Syn. with BINDING CAPACITY.
BINDING
Construction of R.C. and P.C.; Work
1 A metal reinforcement going into the
composition of the bar setting of a reinforced concrete structure (beam, slab,
etc.) and that connects main bars between themselves. The stirrup prevents the
slipping of concrete layers on each other (resistance to shearing stress).
Syn. with BINDER BAR; LINK;
SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT; STIRRUP; TIE.
2. Syn. with BINDER BAR.
3. Syn. with HELICAL
REINFORCEMENT; HOOP REINFORCEMENT; HOOPING the anisotropy brought about in some
materials by outside actions enables the analysis of the stress field through
photo elasticimetry. The axis of birefringence, in a point, are directed
following the main directions of stresses in this point. Syn. with DOUBLE
REFRACTIO.
BLINDING
CONCRETE
Building Materials any lean
concrete intended for use as a bed to receive the concrete of the foundation
plates (or rafts) so as to avoid its direct contact with the foundation ground.
It must have a crushing strength at least equal to that of the foundation
ground. Syn. with MATTRESS; MUDMAT; MUDSILL; OVERSITE CONCRETE; SLOPE CONCRETE.
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