Saturday 19 August 2017

Topcon T S setup step by step with details

 Topcon Total Station GPT-3000LW & TDS  Ranger Data Collector 


1. Set up Total Station over hub and level.  Turn power on.

2. Use compass to locate North.  Rotate total station so that sighting collimator is lined up to North.  Lock total station.

3. To set Set 0 degrees on North – Push {F1} [OSET] on display screen on front of total station. Push {F3} [YES].  O degrees is now set to North with horizontal angles turning right.

4. Turn on Data collector.  (Green button bottom left )
[Start]- tap- [Programs] – [Survey Pro]

last line on screen – “Create New Job” – tap - [NEW]
Type in name of job----then - tap - [NEXT]

Azimuth type – [North Azimuth}
Units for Distances – [US Survey Feet]
Units for Angles -  [Degrees]

 [NEXT] “ Enter first point ” :

This is your instrument / start point.
Point Name –                                           [1]
Northing –                            [5000.00 us ft]
Easting –                               [5000.00 us ft]
Elevation –    [can put any # here because it
 will be overwritten during Remote  Elevation routine below]

Description –  [write about your surveying]

Tap - [FINISH]

4.  You will want to add a Note here – tap the {STAR} icon on the top right of screen and
[Add Note] to add TBM description, survey personnel, and any other job notes.

5. Back to main menu – tap - [JOB]- tap- [SETTINGS] – this brings up another display screen with 9 tabs: the settings on these tabs just need to be set once, and then it defaults to those settings.  (The default settings will be listed at the end of this document.) – tap – [OK]

6. Back to main menu – tap - [SURVEY]- arrow down on right to {S} [REMOTE ELEVATION]

7. “Known elevation is” – check [FORESIGHT] and enter known elevation of TBM - eg. 100.00
     --Sight rod person on TBM
 Data Collector screen shows - “Shoot”---check [DIRECT]---and then measure & enter Height of Instrument and Rod  Height
--check [STORE POINT] --Point – 1 (occupy pt.)
      Tap – [TAKE SHOT].  This will overwrite point 1 with the corrrect elevation.

8. Back to main menu – tap –[Survey]  -tap- [BACKSIGHT SETUP]
--Sight rod person on TBM again-
Data Collector screen shows:
---“Occupy pt.” – enter [1]
--- enter Height of Instrument and Rod Height
---Tap box under H.I. to toggle between [BS Point] and [BS Direction]

---Select [BACKSIGHT DIRECTION]----enter angle of backsight that is showing on total      station. (eg. 128.3410 for 128 degrees 34’ 10”)
--Tap [BACKSIGHT CIRCLE]----tap- [READ FROM INSTRUMENT]
-close out screen w/ [X] in top right corner
--tap –[CHECK] ---tap - [BY ANGLE]   then take shot.
This will show if there is an error between the angle you entered and the actual shot on the backsight.

(--tap – “SOLVE” >only if you want to “0” on the back sight instead of “0” on North)

9. Back to main menu – tap [Survey] tap – [TRAVERSE/SIDE SHOT]
At the top of this screen you will see “OCC: 1   HI: ___   BS: ___
This is your occupy point – 1, height of instrument – whatever it is; and your back sight point number & angle.

You need to  Shoot TBM again as side shot to record .
      “Foresight” change this # to 90 for the TBM shot.
      “Description” enter [TBM] and check that “HR” is the current rod height.

     Now you are ready to take topo shots
--Sight rod person on TBM again- Tap – [SIDE SHOT] this will take the TBM shot.  

Sometimes you will get a message on the first sideshot that the shot could not be taken. Just             tap ok and tap [SIDE SHOT] again.  TBM will be recorded as pt. 90 and you are ready to survey.

10. Change the “Foresight” # to 100 , type in the shot description, and check that the HR IS
THE CURRENT ROD HEIGHT and tap  [SIDE SHOT]

 Miscellaneous notes:
-When you download data collector you need to print the “raw” file to see the “notes”
 that you made during the survey. (Tap the {STAR} icon on the top right of screen to add notes

-For cap lock – press [Fn] and yellow CAPS key.  YOU WANT THE SHOT DESCRIPTIONS TO BE ALL CAPS.



Point Numbering: Instrument Points – use single digit numbers 1-9
     Benchmarks – use 90-99
     Turning Points – use 70-79
     Side Shots – start at 100.  If you make a turn to another instrument set up, change side shot numbers to differentiate Instrument Point 1 from Instrument Point 2 (eg, 100-199 for IP 1; 200-299 for IP 2; if you have more than 99 shots for IP1, use 300-399 for IP2, etc.)


  DEFAULT SETTINGS for the data collector: 


Survey Pro Main Menu – JOB ->-> SETTINGS ->->->
INSTRUMENT:
“Brand”: [TOPCON]
“Model”: [GPT SERIES]
“Serial Port”: [COM 1]
“Baud Rate”: [1200]
“Parity”: [Even]


UNITS 

“Units for distances”: [US SURVEY FEET]
“Units for angles”: [DEGREES]
“Display directions as”: [AZIMUTH]
“Azimuth type”:  [NORTH AZIMUTH]

FORMAT
 This relates to the precision you want for northing/easting, elevation, etc.

 FILES 

The only files currently  loaded are the “Description File” which is the description codes for the survey shots.  This is an ASCI file (text file) created on the PC and transferred to the data collector.

Please refer to the users manual for descriptions of the Control File & Feature Code File.

 SURVEYING 

“Prompt for Description” and “Prompt for Height of Rod” should be checked on.  All others are checked off.  (Make sure “Survey with True Azimuths” is checked off.  If this is checked on and you do a traverse ( or turn) the points are not in the right place after the first move.)

STAKEOUT 

“Always start stakeout with coarse mode” is the only thing checked on.

REPETITION 

“Horizontal tolerance”: [30] sec.
“Zenith Tolerance”: [30] sec.
“Distance Tolerance”: [0.4999999 usft]

DATE/TIME 

Set current date & time

GENERAL -  User preference 


Charge Times:  Data Collector – 1 to 3 hours;  
Total Station – 1 hour 48 minutes



Sunday 13 August 2017

Density of construction material in Kg/m3 and lbs/ft3

Density of construction material in Kg/m3 and lbs/ft3


 Density of different material   
 



Densities of construction material are its mass per unit volume of material. It is expressed in kg/m3 or lb/ft3 and shows compactness of building material.

Density is also called as unit weight of substance. It is represented by symbol called row (p). Density represents the degree of compactness of material. If the material is of more density, it is more compacted material.

Density  is defined as the ratio of mass to volume.

p = m/v
Units = kg/m3 or lb/ft3
Conversion: 1 kg/m3 = 0.624 lb/ft3

Density Values of Different Construction Materials

If two different materials are same in weight, but their density of both may be different. Lower dense material occupies more volume than higher dense material.

Density also decides the sinking property of material. It is decided by knowing the density of liquid. If the material has density than liquid, then it will float on the surface of liquid. If it is more density than liquid, it will sink.

For example water has a density of 1000kg/m3 , if we place bamboo wood (350kg/m3) on water it will float on water surface similarly if we drop a brick (1700 kg.m3) it will sink into the water.

Density value of construction material will also help to find out the quantity of material needed for particular space.


Unit weight or density of different construction material are written blow.

             Material                               Density (Kg/M3,lb/ft3)

1)   Concrete                                      2300  Kg/M3

2)   Asphalt                                         700  Kg/M3, 45 lb/tf3

3)   Bricks                                            1500 - 1800  Kg/M3 , 93.64 – (-112.3) lb/tf3

4)   Cements                                       1400  Kg/M3, 89.8 lb/tf3

5)   Clay (soil)                                     1800  Kg/M3, 112.3 lb/tf3

6)  Cement mortar                            2080  Kg/M3, 129.8 lb/tf3

7)  Concrete ( reinforced)                2500  Kg/M3, 156 lb/tf3

8)  Gypsum                                         1200  Kg/M3

9)  Sand                                               1650  Kg/M3

10) Concrete Blocks                            1400  Kg/M3

11) Gravel                                             1800  Kg/M3

12) Steel                                                7850  Kg/M3

13)  Wood (Average)                          400 – 700  Kg/M3

14)  Water                                    1000 Kg/M3, 62.43 lb/ft3

15) Glass                                                 2580 Kg/M3 ,161 lb/tf3
.


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Thursday 10 August 2017

Derivation Of (D²/162) - Unit Weight Of Reinforcement steel Formula

Derivation of (D²/162)




Unit Weight of Reinforcement bar Formula.

Weight = Volume * density

Weight = (Area * length) * Density

Weight = (3.14/4*D²*length of Bar * Density of Steel

(Density of steel is 7850kg/m3 and in mm is equal to
(7850/1000*1000*1000)

Weight = (3.14/3 * d²) * 1000 * (7850/1000*1000*1000)
Weight = (d²/1) * (0.00616225/1)

Weight = [d²/ (1/0.00616225)]

Weight = d²/162.2783     make round to (d²/162) = d²/ (1/0.00616225)

Now formula become like this

Weight = d²/162 * (length of bar)

Note: - This formula is only applicable circular shape Bar, Who density is 7850kg/m3.

Here

Dia = mm
Length = m
Weight = kg


For Example:-

Find the weight of bar if dia of bar is 12mm and length of bar is 10 meter?

Solution:-

Length of bar = 10 m
Dia of bar       = 12 mm
Weight of bar =?

Now put the values in formula
Formula = d²/162 * length

Weight = (12)2/162 * 10
Weight = 0.88 * 10
Weight = 8.88 kg


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Tuesday 8 August 2017

Steel Area & weight per kg/m or lbs/ft


Steel Area & weight per kg/m or lbs/ft



No                   Bar size              Nominal Diameter                     Nominal Area             Unit Weight

1)                         #3                       9.5mm                                     71mm2                         0.56kg/m
                            #3                        0.375 in                                 0.110 in2                       0.376lbs/ft


 2)                        #4                        12.7mm                                 127mm2                        0.994kg/m
                            #4                        0.500 in                                 0.197 in2                       0.668lbs/ft


3)                         #5                        15.9mm                                199mm2                        1.552kg/m
                            #5                        0.625 in                                 0.309 in2                       1.043lbs/ft


4)                        #6                         19.7mm                                287mm2                        2.235kg/m
                           #6                          0.750 in                               0.445 in2                        1.502lbs/ft


5)                        #7                         22.2mm                               387mm2                         3.045kg/m
                           #7                         0.785 in                                0.600 in2                        2.044lbs/ft


6)                        #8                         25.4mm                               507mm2                          3.973kg\m
                            #8                       1.000 in                                0.786 in2                         2.670 lbs\ft


7)                        #9                        28.4mm                               507mm2                          3.973kg/m
                           #9                        1.128in                                 1.003 in2                         3.400 lbs/ft


8)                       #10                      32.3mm                                 873mm2                          6.404kg/m
                          #10                      1.270 in                                 1.270 in2                          4.303lbs/ft


9)                      #11                     35.8mm                                  1007mm2                         7.907kg/m
                          #11                    1.410 in                                  1.561 in2                          5.313lbs/ft


10)                    #14                     43.0mm                                  1552mm2                        11.284kg/m
                         #14                     1.693 in                                   2.251 in2                         7.650lbs/ft


11)                    #18                    57.3mm                                   2579mm2                            20.239kg/m

                         #18                    2.257 in                                   3.998 in2                             13.600lbs/ft




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Monday 7 August 2017

How to set nikon BC 80 Total station setup

Total Station 

Nikon-BC-80


Setup methods

1) Press on button to start
2) Level the T.S with screw button and center it.
3) Select menu button
4) Select Job

Create, Del,   FNC,   info
 MSR1, MSR2, DSP, ANG

NOW

Select MSR1 to Create a Job and give field name that you’re site name then later you remember to expert it.

5) STN = Station
6) Know
7) Resection
8) Quick
9) Remote B.M
10) B.S check

Here you what kind of setup you want to do?
For example if you have Co-ordinate then you select

“Know”

If you have co-ordinates and you know where the location of the co-ordinates, but you can’t setup T.S on point then you have to select    “Resection”.
Now setups T.S by know.

So select “know”.

Now Input Section
ST = 1 (ST = Station Target point 1, 2, 3 etc.)
H.I = (H.I = Height of instrument measure by tape and put It into their pace)
CD = (CD = code for example tree, stone, wall etc.)

Select enter


Back Sight

11) Co-ordination
12) Angle

Select by co-ordination you want or by Angle, I selecting now by co-ordination
Now inter then Co-ordination information

BS : 2 ( the 2 is the point number)
H.T : Height of prism
Enter to save co-ordination information.

Now

Take shot on back sight.
(MSR1 to take shot on prism and then enter to save taken point)

Now you have many point just target it, short it and enter to save you’re taken point.
To download this page in PDF click below link.
Link will be update in 12 hr.

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Sunday 6 August 2017

Formulas for finding Volume and surfaces

Surfaces/ volume of solids


Here
S = lateral surface area
V = volume     
A =  area of sections perpendicular
B = area of base           
P = perimeter of base
PA = perimeter of section perpendicular to its sides
R = radius of sphere or circles 
L = slant height or laterl lenght
H = perimeter height
C = circumference of circle of sphere 

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1
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9

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12

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Friday 4 August 2017

Areas of Plane Figures 

Areas of Plane Figures 


A = Area
H = Height
R = Radius
P = Perimeter
p = π
____________________________________________________________

Triangle



A=bh/2
P = A + B + C


__________________________________________________

Circle




A = π R2 P = 2 π R
_____________________________________________

Ellipse

       
            
              


A = π ab
______________________________________________

Segment



A = p R2D/3600 - R2 sinD/2

__________________________________________

Sector



A = π R2 ⱷ/3600
P = 2R + ⱷ/3600 (2 π R)

_____________________________________________

Fillet



A = RT – D/l 360 l * π R2
When : D = 900, A = 0.2146R2
___________________________________________

Parallelogram



A = bh
A = ah’
P = 2(a+b)
___________________________________________________

Trapezoid



A =  (a + b * h) / 2
_________________________________________

Circular Ring



A = π /4(D2 –d2)
______________________________________________




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Wednesday 2 August 2017

Simple circular Curves


Nomenclature for Circular Curves
Simple circular Curves




POT                        Point on Tangent outside the effect of any curve

POC                        Point On a circular Curve

POST                      Point On a Semi-Tangent (within the limits of a curve)

 PI                           Point of Intersection of a back tangent and forward tangent

PC                           Point of Curvature - Point of change from back tangent to circular curve

 PT                          Point of Tangency - Point of change from circular curve to forward tangent

 PCC                       Point of Compound Curvature - Point common to two curves in the same
                                 direction with different radii

PRC                        Point of Reverse Curve - Point common to two curves in opposite directions
and with the same or different radii
L                              Total Length of any circular curve measured along its arc

 Lc                           Length between any two points on a circular curve R Radius of a circular curve

∆                              Total intersection (or central) angle between back and forward tangents

DC                          Deflection angle for full circular curve measured from tangent at PC or PT

 dc                           Deflection angle required from tangent to a circular curve to any other point on a                                 circular curve

 C                            Total Chord length, or long chord, for a circular curve

C´                            Chord length between any two points on a circular curve

T                              Distance along semi-Tangent from the point of intersection of the back and                    forward tangents to the origin of curvature (From the PI to the PC or PT)

tx                             Distance along semi-tangent from the PC (or PT) to the perpendicular offset to                any point on a circular curve. (Abscissa of any point on a circular curve                        referred to the beginning of curvature as origin and semi-tangent as axis)

ty                             The perpendicular offset, or ordinate, from the semi-tangent to a point on a                                            circular curve


E                              External distance (radial distance) from PI to midpoint on a simple circular curv 



Circular Curve Equations

Equations        Units


R=180/p * L/D                                     (M or Ft)

D =180/P * L/R                                    Degree

L = P/180 * RD                                  (M or Ft)

T = R tan D/2                                     (M or Ft)

E = [R/ (DCOS/2)]-R                         (M or Ft)

C = 2RsinD/2, = 2RsinDC                (M or Ft)

MO = R (L) 1-Cos D/2(l)                     (M or Ft)

DC = D/2                                           Degree

Dc = Lc/L (L) * D/2(l)                        (M or Ft)

C’ = 2Rsin (dc)                                  (M or Ft)

C = 2Rsin(DC)                                   (M or Ft)

Tx = R sin(2dc)                                  (M or Ft)

Ty = R [1-cos(2dc)]                           (M or Ft)




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